Oslo Accords: Interim Architecture and Deferred Disputes

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This worksheet is for 12th grade history students. Answer each prompt using evidence from the 1993 and 1995 agreements.

Identify the two signing parties in the September 1993 Declaration of Principles.
Define the governance structure created by the Oslo Accords to manage civil administration in the Palestinian territories.
Match the Oslo II zones (Area A, Area B, Area C) with their respective security and civil jurisdiction arrangements.
Explain why negotiators chose an incremental five-year process instead of settling all issues in 1993.
List four core 'permanent status' questions that the Oslo framework explicitly deferred to later talks.
Contrast the peace treaty Israel signed with Jordan in October 1994 with the Oslo Accords regarding finality.
Read this historical excerpt: 'The outcome of the permanent status talks should not be prejudiced or preempted by agreements reached for the interim period.' Evaluate why both Israeli and Palestinian critics later argued that events during the interim period did prejudice final negotiations.

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Oslo Accords: Interim Architecture and Deferred Disputes

Answer key

Identify the two signing parties in the September 1993 Declaration of Principles.
The government of Israel (led by Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin) and the Palestine Liberation Organization (led by Chairman Yasser Arafat).
Define the governance structure created by the Oslo Accords to manage civil administration in the Palestinian territories.
The Palestinian Authority (PA), an interim self-governing body with an elected legislative council.
Match the Oslo II zones (Area A, Area B, Area C) with their respective security and civil jurisdiction arrangements.
Area A: Palestinian civil and security control; Area B: Palestinian civil control and joint Israeli security control; Area C: Exclusive Israeli civil and military control.
Explain why negotiators chose an incremental five-year process instead of settling all issues in 1993.
Negotiators believed that immediate disputes over borders, refugees, and Jerusalem were too intractable to solve at once; an interim period was intended to build trust through day-to-day security and civil cooperation.
List four core 'permanent status' questions that the Oslo framework explicitly deferred to later talks.
Any four of: Jerusalem, Palestinian refugees and right of return, Israeli settlements, final borders, water rights, and overarching security arrangements.
Contrast the peace treaty Israel signed with Jordan in October 1994 with the Oslo Accords regarding finality.
The Israel-Jordan peace treaty established defined international borders, full bilateral relations, and settled water quotas between two sovereign states immediately, whereas Oslo was an interim agreement between a state and a national movement that postponed all final border decisions.
Read this historical excerpt: 'The outcome of the permanent status talks should not be prejudiced or preempted by agreements reached for the interim period.' Evaluate why both Israeli and Palestinian critics later argued that events during the interim period did prejudice final negotiations.
Palestinians argued that continued Israeli settlement expansion and road infrastructure in Area C created irreversible facts on the ground, prejudicing border and land issues. Israeli critics argued that violent attacks against Israeli civilians by rejectionist groups and the PA's failure to dismantle militant infrastructure undermined Israel's security and demonstrated that the interim phase failed to build real coexistence.